Emma McKeon of Australia competes during the women’s 100m butterfly final of the swimming competition at Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, July 26, 2021.
Credit: © Du Xiaoyi, Xinhua/Alamy Images

Australia is famous for its unique culture, metropolitan cities, and unusual wildlife, among other things. Each week, this seasonal feature will spotlight one of Australia’s many wonders.

Finishing her latest latest Olympic run with seven medals, Emma McKeon became the most decorated swimmer at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Australian swimmer went home with four gold medals (breaking three Olympic records and one world record) and three bronze. In the 400-meter medley relay, Australia set an Olympic record with 3 minutes and 51.6 seconds, and McKeon achieved her seventh medal in Tokyo, becoming the first female swimmer to win as many in one Olympic Games. Only the male swimmers Matt Biondi, Michael Phelps, and Mark Spitz have taken home seven or more medals in a single Games. Seven also tied gymnast Maria Gorokhovskaya for the record female Olympian medals in one Games. McKeon had previously won gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janiero, Brazil. Her wins make her the most decorated Australian Olympian ever.

McKeon was born May 24, 1994, in Wollongong, New South Wales. Her parents, Ron and Susie, were both competitive swimmers. Ron competed in the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics and Susie competed in the 1982 Commonwealth Games. Emma’s brother, David, swam for Australia in the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. McKeon first competed internationally in 2010, winning silver and bronze medals at the 2010 Junior Pan Pacific Championship in Hawaii. That year, she also won gold as a part of the 400-meter medley relay at the Youth Olympics in Singapore. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, McKeon won gold for the 200-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle relay, 400-meter medley relay, and 800-meter freestyle relay. At the 2016 Olympics, McKeon won gold for the Women’s 400-meter relay, placed silver in the 800-meter freestyle relay and 400-meter medley relay, and won bronze in the 200-meter freestyle.

Following the 2016 Olympics, McKeon spent time focusing on strength training in order to prepare for the 2020 Summer Olympics. In 2018, McKeon won eight gold medals, four at the Commonwealth Games and four at the Pan Pacific Championship in Tokyo. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, McKeon won gold in the 100-meter freestyle, 50-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle relay, and 400-meter medley relay. She won bronze in the 100-meter butterfly, 800-meter freestyle relay, and the 400-meter mixed medley relay. In addition to competitive swimming, McKeon and her brother host swimming clinics at McKeon’s Swim School in Unanderra, New South Wales.

Australian swimmer Ariarne Titmus
Credit: © Stefan Wermuth, Reuters/Alamy Images

Australia is famous for its unique culture, metropolitan cities, and unusual wildlife, among other things. Each week, this seasonal feature will spotlight one of Australia’s many wonders.

In just 1 minute and 53.5 seconds, rising star Australian swimmer Ariarne Titmus broke the Olympic record for the Women’s 200-meter freestyle competition. She won two gold medals at the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. (The games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.) Titmus defeated her American rival Katie Ledecky, winning her second gold in the Women’s 400-meter freestyle competition.

Titmus has enjoyed a friendly rivalry with Ledecky. Titmus first defeated Ledecky at the 2019 World Championships in South Korea. Her win in the 400-meter freestyle in Tokyo also marked the first time since 2013 that Ledecky had lost that event.

Titmus was born Sept. 7, 2000, in Launceton, Tasmania. She began swimming at age 7, and at age 14 her family relocated to Brisbane, Queensland, to further her training.  A year later, in 2016, Titmus became a member of the Australian Dolphins national swim team. At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Titmus won silver in the women’s 200-meter freestyle and won gold for the women’s 400-meter freestyle, women’s 800-meter freestyle, and as a member of the Australian women’s 800-meter relay team. She also set a world record in the 400-meter freestyle at the World Short Course Championship in 2018 in Hangzhou, China.

Katie Ledecky is a champion American swimmer. Ledecky has set world records in the women’s 400-, 800-, and 1,500-meter freestyle events. © Jae C. Hong, AP Photo

Two swimmers raced neck and neck down the lane in the women’s 400-meter freestyle in Tokyo, Japan, for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Representing America was Katie Ledecky. She received a silver medal, hitting the wall just 0.67 seconds after Australian swimmer Ariarne Titmus. Hope was not lost for Ledecky. Just one hour after a fifth place finish in the 200-meter freestyle on July 27, 2021, she dove back into the pool for the 1,500-meter freestyle finals. In a shining example of stamina, Ledecky snatched the gold medal in the longest race in the pool and the first time women competed that distance in the Olympic Games.

Ledecky is a champion American swimmer. Ledecky set world records in the 800-meter and 1,500-meter women’s freestyle races in 2013, and a world record in the 400-meter freestyle race in 2014. She later broke each record at least once. Ledecky was a star of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She won individual gold medals in the 200-meter, 400-meter, and 800-meter races, setting world records in the last two events. She also won a gold medal as a member of the 800-meter freestyle relay and a silver medal as a member of the 400-meter freestyle relay.

Ledecky first gained international recognition in 2012. In that year she was the surprise winner of the gold medal in the 800-meter freestyle at the age of 15 at the Summer Olympic Games in London. She was the youngest American athlete to participate in the 2012 games. Ledecky won 4 gold medals at the 2013 FINA World Swimming Championships in Barcelona, Spain, and 5 gold medals at the 2015 championships in Kazan, Russia. FINA is the world governing body for the sport of swimming. At the 2017 championships in Budapest, Hungary, Ledecky won 5 more gold medals. She won another gold medal at the 2019 championships in Gwangju, South Korea. Her total of 15 career gold medals is a record for women swimmers.

Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky was born in Washington, D.C., on March 17, 1997. She became a national swimming star in high school in Bethesda, Maryland. She set American records in the 500-meter freestyle twice, and the national high school record in the 200-meter freestyle twice. Following the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, Ledecky entered Stanford University on an athletic scholarship. In 2018, Ledecky announced that she was turning professional. Her decision meant she would be ineligible to swim in college events, but she would still be eligible for the Olympic Games.

August 16, 2016

On Saturday, August 13, the United States became the first nation to win 1,000 gold medals since the modern Summer Olympic Games began in 1896. Hundreds of athletes have contributed to that gold medal count over the years, but during this summer’s Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, attention has focused on three stars of Team USA’s roster of 555 extraordinary athletes. Over the first week and a half of competition, gymnast Simone Biles and swimmers Michael Phelps and Katie Ledecky have left the competition largely behind, winning a total of 13 gold medals between them. To this point, the rest of Team USA has 15 golds in Rio.

U.S. gymnast Simone Biles performs the floor exercise during the women’s all-around final at the world gymnastics championships in Glasgow, Scotland, on Oct. 29, 2015. Credit: © Kyodo/AP Photo

Biles, competing in her first Olympics, led her talented teammates to gold in the Women’s team all-around—a tough combined test of the balance beam, floor exercise, uneven bars, and vault. Biles scored highest on the vault with an “Amanar,” a demanding vault consisting of a roundoff onto the springboard, a back handspring onto the vaulting table, 2½ twists in the air, and a blind landing. Team USA’s Aly Raisman—who scored second highest in the vault—also executed a difficult Amanar. Biles scored highest on the balance beam and floor exercise, as well. Together with Team USA’s Madison Kocian (who won the uneven bars) and Laurie Hernandez (who had consistently high scores and dazzled on the beam), the women crushed the competition, winning gold by more than 8 points (teams are often separated by tenths of a point) over silver medal-winning Russia. Simone Biles followed the team performance by dominating the individual all-around competition, winning gold over silver medalist Raisman. Biles went on to take individual gold in both the vault and floor exercise as well.

U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps competes in the butterfly leg of the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China.
Credit: © Cameron Spencer, Getty Images

Michael Phelps, already the greatest swimmer in Olympic history, came out of retirement to compete in his fifth Olympic Games in 2016. Unwilling to loosen his grip on that “greatest” title, he added 5 gold medals to his already massive haul (23 now in his career—the most for any athlete ever). Phelps helped his teammates win gold in the 4×100-meter and 4×200-meter freestyle relays, as well as in the 4×100-meter medley relay. He also took individual gold in the 200-meter medley and the 200-meter butterfly—a grudge match against rival Chad le Clos of South Africa. Le Clos narrowly beat Phelps in the 200-meter butterfly at the 2012 Olympics, and the two had since developed a somewhat contentious rivalry.

U.S. swimmer Katie Ledecky competes in the women’s 800-meter freestyle race during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England. Credit: © Jae C. Hong, AP Photo

Katie Ledecky, competing in her second Olympics, dominated her opponents in Rio, taking individual gold in the 200-meter, 400-meter, and 800-meter freestyle races. She also earned team gold in the 4×100-meter relay. Ledecky burst onto the international swimming stage at the 2012 games, winning a surprise gold in the 800-meter freestyle at just 15 years of age. Look for Ledecky to add to her medal count at the 2020 games in Tokyo, Japan.

If you’re wondering what national team has the second-most gold medals in Summer Olympic Games history, it’s the Russians. Including games when they competed as part of the Soviet Union, the Russians have won 582 golds (as of today). The next three in order (all with fewer than 300) are Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy.

Aug. 7, 2012

A lanky swimmer and a tiny gymnast from the United States have grabbed headlines as well as gold at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London. Michael Phelps, at age 27, solidified his position as the greatest swimmer and, arguably, the greatest individual athlete in Olympic history. At the same time, 16-year old Gabby Douglas won the hearts of fans by doing what no other American gymnast had ever accomplished in the Olympics.

Michael Phelps (© Cameron Spencer, Getty Images)

Phelps ended the Summer Games with a career total of 22 medals, 18 of them gold. Phelps built his medal count over three Olympics, in 2004, 2008, and 2012. He started slowly at the 2012 games in London, failing to collect a medal in his first race and finishing second in the next two races. But he earned gold medals in his final four events. He won the 100-meter butterfly and the 200-meter individual medley, his third consecutive victories in both events dating back to the 2004 Olympics, an unprecedented accomplishment.  After Phelps helped the U.S. team win the 4×100-meter relay, the final event on the swimming program, he announced his retirement as a competitive swimmer.

Gabby Douglas built her own legacy in the 2012 games with a pair of impressive firsts. The 16-year-old, who stands only 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 meters) tall, won gold medals in both the individual and team all-around competition. With her twin triumphs, Douglas became the first African American in Olympic history to win the individual all-around championship. She was also the first American gymnast to win a gold medal in both the all-around and team competitions at the same Olympics. Her bubbly personality combined with her grace and athleticism made her an instant darling of the crowds.

Usain Bolt (© Kyodo/Landov)

The third headline grabber at the Summer Games was Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt. The flamboyant Bolt was out to defend his Olympic 100-meter dash title and status as the world’s premiere sprinter. With the rise of a group of young world-class athletes ready to challenge Bolt’s supremacy, the 100-meter race was perhaps the most anticipated event of the 2012 games. Bolt did not disappoint. He won the sprint in 9.63 seconds, the second-fastest time in track history. Only one person has run the event in a faster time–Bolt himself. Bolt is also the defending Olympic champion in the 200-meter sprint, scheduled for later in the week.

Additional World Book articles:

• International Olympic Committee
• Special Olympics
• The Winning Edge (a Special Report)