November 1, 2017

One hundred and twenty years ago today, on Nov. 1, 1897, the new Library of Congress opened its doors to the public for the first time. Previously, the library had been in the Congressional Reading Room of the United States Capitol. Two other buildings have since been added to the library complex, which stands near the Capitol in Washington, D.C.

The Library of Congress, located in Washington, D.C., provides research and reference assistance to the members of the United States Congress. This picture shows the Main Reading Room of the library. The Library of Congress also serves as the national library of the United States. Credit: © Sean Pavone, Shutterstock

The Library of Congress is one of the largest and most valuable research libraries in the world. It has about 160 million items in its collections, including about 40 million books, pamphlets, and other printed materials in 470 languages. There are about 125 million items in the special collections, including charts, engravings, manuscripts, maps, motion pictures, photographs, and recordings. In addition, the Library of Congress has digitized millions of items which can be seen on a website hosted by the library, American Memory. The vast collection of online materials includes millions of books, documents, sound recordings, still and moving images, and maps. The Library of Congress is a partner in UNESCO’s World Digital Library project, to which many of the world’s national libraries are contributing digitized material from their collections.

Congress established the library in 1800. In 1815, it purchased the private library of Thomas Jefferson, which had about 6,000 books. The Library of Congress continued to grow, although several fires—the most serious in 1851—damaged the collections. In 1897, the library moved to a new gray sandstone building east of the Capitol because it was too large to be kept in the Capitol. In 1938, an annex of white Georgia marble was built on an adjoining site. In 1980, the James Madison Memorial Building, the largest library building in the world, was constructed. At that time, the 1897 structure was renamed the Thomas Jefferson Building, and the 1938 annex was renamed the John Adams Building. Together, the three library buildings have about 71 acres (29 hectares) of floor space.

September 16, 2016

On Wednesday, September 14, Carla D. Hayden was sworn in as the new Librarian of Congress. Hayden is the first woman, the first African American, and only the third professional librarian to lead the Library of Congress, one of the world’s largest libraries. The United States Senate confirmed Carla D. Hayden in July. She is the 14^th Librarian of Congress since the institution was established in 1800.

Carla Hayden became the new Librarian of Congress on Sept. 14, 2016.
Credit: © American Library Association

Hayden served many years as the chief executive officer of the Enoch Pratt Free Library, the public library system in Baltimore, Maryland. She has also served as the chief librarian of the Chicago Public Library system and as president of the American Library Association.

In February 2016, President Barack Obama nominated Hayden to fill the vacancy left by the previous librarian of Congress, James H. Billington. Billington, a former history professor, retired in 2015 after 28 years in the post. In announcing Hayden’s nomination, Obama said that she “has devoted her career to modernizing libraries so that everyone can participate in today’s digital culture.” The librarian of Congress position, which previously held a lifetime appointment, now carries a 10-year term. Obama signed the term limitation bill into law in 2015.

Carla Diane Hayden was born on Aug. 10, 1952, in Tallahassee, Florida, and grew up in Chicago, Illinois. She earned a bachelor’s degree from Roosevelt University in Chicago and both master’s and doctorate degrees in library science from the University of Chicago. Hayden began working as a children’s librarian and a library associate with the Chicago Public Library in 1973. She later served as the library services coordinator for Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry and as an associate professor in the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Pittsburgh.

Hayden is a champion of such causes as freedom of information and civil liberties. In the early 2000’s, she fought against then Attorney General John Ashcroft over a provision of the Patriot Act of 2001. Among other provisions, the Patriot Act forces public libraries to give the Federal Bureau of Investigation greater access to patrons’ e-mail and library records. In 2015, Hayden kept the Baltimore libraries open during protests that closed many other parts of the city. The protests erupted over the death of Freddie Gray, a black man who died while in police custody (see Police use of force).

In 1995, Hayden was the first African American to receive the Librarian of the Year Award from Library Journal magazine. Ms. magazine named her as one of its 10 “Women of the Year” for 2003, and the Maryland Daily Record included her in its list of “Maryland’s Top 100 Women” that same year. In 2010, Hayden won Senate confirmation to the National Museum and Library Services Board.

January 8, 2016

This week, the librarian of Congress named American cartoonist and author Gene Luen Yang as National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature. Yang is the first graphic novelist to be so honored. The ambassadorship is awarded every two years to an American children’s author or illustrator. The position is intended to raise “national awareness of the importance of young people’s literature as it relates to lifelong literacy, education, and the development and betterment of the lives of young people.”

American cartoonist and author Gene Luen Yang was named National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature on Jan. 7, 2016. He is the first graphic novelist to be so honored. Credit: © Gene Luen Yang

Yang was born on Aug. 9, 1973, in California, the son of Chinese immigrants, and grew up in the San Jose area. He began drawing and writing comic books in the fifth grade. In 1997, Yang received a grant for his comic Gordon Yamamoto and the King of the Geeks, which was eventually published by a comic book company. Yang completed a bachelor’s degree at the University of California—Berkeley in 1995 and worked as a computer engineer for two years. He then began teaching computer science at a high school in Oakland. Yang earned a master’s degree in education from California State University at East Bay in 2003. His first graphic novel, American Born Chinese (2006), was enormously successful. It won the 2007 Michael L. Printz Award from the American Library Association for best young adult book. It was also the first graphic novel to be named a finalist for the National Book Award. The book includes three stories about struggles with one’s identity, a theme common to many of Yang’s works. Boxers & Saints (2013), a two-volume graphic novel about the Boxer Rebellion, was also a National Book Award finalist. In the fall of 2015, with illustrator Mike Holmes, Yang began writing the “Secret Coders” graphic novel series for middle-graders. The series follows a group of students who use their computer programming skills to solve mysteries. Yang was a high school computer science teacher until 2015, when he became a full-time writer.

The position of national ambassador was established in 2008 under the direction of the librarian of Congress. The award is sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress; the Children’s Book Council, a publisher’s organization; and Every Child a Reader, an independent foundation. The first national ambassador was Jon Scieszka, who served in 2008 and 2009. He was followed by Katherine Paterson (2010-2011), Walter Dean Myers (2012-2013), and Kate DiCamillo (2014-2015).

Other World Book articles: 

• Literature for children
• Literature for children (2007) – A Back in Time article
• Literature for children (2013) – A Back in Time article