January 22, 2020

On Friday, January 17, weary and filthy racers from all over the world completed the final stage of the Dakar Rally, pulling their off-road vehicles into Qiddiya, a new entertainment “megaproject” on the outskirts of Riyadh, the capital of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The racers entered the vast construction zone of Qiddiya and crossed the finish line after 12 grueling stages of gritty cross-country racing, covering 4,660 miles (7,500 kilometers) of dirt, rock, and sand—lots of sand.

Casale Ignacio of Chile rides an all-terrain vehicle through the desert near Neom, Saudi Arabia, during stage three of the Dakar Rally on Jan. 7, 2020. Credit: © DPPI/ASO

The Dakar Rally, once known as the Paris-Dakar Rally, is an annual cross-country endurance race. The rally includes five different vehicle categories: cars; motorcycles; quads (all-terrain vehicles, or ATV’s); trucks; and utility task vehicles, or UTV’s (a two-seater style of ATV also known as a Side-by-Side, or SxS). This year’s race began with 351 vehicles carrying 557 racers from 53 countries.

Dakar Rally 2020 logo.
Credit: © ASO

The race began in the Red Sea port city of Jiddah on January 5, ran north along the Red Sea coast to the new city of Neom near the tip of the Sinai Peninsula, and then turned east through the barren Northern Deserts to Riyadh. The racers then headed through the Nadj (central plateau) and skirted the vast Rub al Khali (empty quarter) before doubling back to Qiddiya. The long route circled mountains and crossed canyons, wadis (usually dry valleys or ravines), and immense sand dunes. The extreme remoteness and rugged terrain of the route tested navigational skills and pushed drivers to the limits of endurance. Often the going was dangerous: the Portuguese motorcyclist Paulo Gonçalves was killed in a crash during stage seven between Riyadh and Wadi Al Dawasir on January 12.

Dakar Rally drivers from the United States took home first-place trophies for the first time in 2020. California’s Ricky Brabec, racing in his fifth Dakar Rally, took the motorcycle competition with a total time of 40 hours, 2 minutes, and 36 seconds. Racing in his second Dakar Rally, Casey Currie—also from California—won the Side-by-Side race (along with his navigator, Sean Berriman) with a time of 53:25:52. The other Dakar categories were won by racers from Chile, Spain, and Russia. Accidents, mechanical failures, and other problems accounted for an attrition rate (percentage of racers unable to finish the rally) of 31 percent.

A lone biker follows a remote desert track in Argentina during the 2017 Dakar Rally. Credit: © Dan Istitene, Getty Images

The first Dakar Rally began on Dec. 26, 1978, as 182 motorcycles and cars revved their engines on the Place du Trocadéro in Paris, France, preparing for the 6,200-mile (10,000-kilometer) journey to Dakar, the capital of Senegal. Covering more than 500 miles (800 kilometers) per day, the winning racers crossed the Dakar finish line on Jan. 14, 1979. Just 74 vehicles completed the race. The racers followed a route from Paris to Marseille, where boats carried them across the Mediterranean Sea to Algeria. From there, the route continued through the dunes and dust of Niger, Mali, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and, finally, Senegal.

The Dakar Rally continued annually and gained popularity, reaching a peak of 688 racers in 2005. In 2008, security threats in Mauritania (Mali’s neighbor to the west) shut down the race, and it was moved to the deserts and scrubland of South America. After 11 races through Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, the Dakar Rally moved to Saudi Arabia in 2020.

October 30, 2019

With Halloween tomorrow, World Book takes a peek at the “spooky” Skeleton Coast of Namibia, a country in southwestern Africa. The Skeleton Coast is the western boundary of the northern Namibian part of the Namib Desert. The forbidding area has massive sand dunes and a somewhat otherworldly appearance, but the dunes are not littered with human skeletons. Rather, the area received its name because of the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there. Many “ship skeletons,” then, lie partially buried in the deep sands of the Skeleton Coast.

The skeletal remains of shipwrecks haunt the Skeleton Coast of Namibia. Credit: © Lukas Bischoff Photograph/Shutterstock

The Skeleton Coast can be particularly hazardous for ocean navigation. The coastline is pounded by heavy surf and its many shallow, rocky outcrops are often shrouded in dense fog. Ships get ensnared in these outcrops, or run aground on sand bars that form, disappear, and reform beneath the waters. Hundreds of shipwrecks dot the landscape, but not all the skeletons are of the naval variety. Large whale bones are often found among the dunes, as are the occasional remains of sailors or diamond miners who met their end among the desolation of the Skeleton Coast.

Diamonds were discovered along the Skeleton Coast in 1904, and the precious crystals are still mined on the beaches. Abandoned diamond settlements add to the area’s eerie Halloween allure, and such ghost towns as Kolmanskop and Elizabeth Bay are alternately covered and revealed by shifting sands.

The Namib Desert’s Skeleton Coast has an unforgiving climate. Some local people call it “the land God made in anger.” Credit: © Radek Borovka, Shutterstock

The Skeleton Coast has a harsh climate. Mists and fog are frequent, but little rain falls. It receives less than 3/4 inch (2 centimeters) of rain a year. Despite this, the protected Skeleton Coast Park is home to a number of animals, including elephants, jackals, springbok, and zebras.

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Namibia. Credit: WORLD BOOK map

The Namib Desert is the oldest desert in the world. It lies along southern Africa’s west coast, mainly within Namibia. The desert covers more than 31,200 square miles (80,900 square kilometers). It extends from the Orange River in the south to Angola in the north. The Atlantic Ocean is the western limit. The steep slopes known as the Namibian escarpment make up the eastern edge. The desert has some of the highest sand dunes in the world. Some of them rise to more than 1,300 feet (400 meters).